Meshtastic DIY - How To Build Your Own Meshtastic Node ESP32

In this guide, we'll walk you through building your very own Meshtastic LoRa Node. Sure, you could easily buy a Heltec V3 for just 15 USD, but if you've got some spare boards lying around from old projects or you enjoy the satisfaction of building things yourself, then this guide is for you.

Hardware

Now let's get started with the hardware you need:

• 1x ESP-32S WiFi + Bluetooth Devkit V1 (30 PIN) - AliExpress Price 3.82USD
• 1x 433 Mhz LoRa Module Ra-02 DIP - AliExpress Price: 3.72USD
• x1 GIZONT 433 Mhz 10 dbi Gain (Optional but Highly Recommended) - AliExpress Price: 11.16USD For Pair Short & Large (Tested with ~1.5 KM Range In High-Density City No LOS) - Single Antenna - AliExpress Price: 4.88USD - 5.58USD
• x1 IPEX to SMA-K (If you decide to go with Antenna) - AliExpress Pirce: 2.95USD
• 14x Female to Female Pin Connector - AliExpress Price: 0.42USD
• 0.96 inch I2C OLED - AliExpress Price: 1.29USD (Optional but you will need Serial Connection to Pair)
• 4x Female to Female Pin Connector (If you decide to go with screen)
• 1x Soldering Iron + 60/40 Solder Wire (Optional - You can go to a nearby electronic shop to solder the Lora header on the board)

📢 When ordering from AliExpress, consider consolidating your purchases from a single seller to maximize savings. For instance, if you're purchasing an antenna from seller X, check if they also offer an IPEX to SMA-K cable. By sourcing all your items from one seller, you can significantly reduce shipping costs.

ESP-32S WiFi + Bluetooth Devkit V1

We aimed to keep this guide as simple as possible for those new to the Meshtastic hype. Let's dive into the hardware breakdown. We've chosen the ESP-32S WiFi + Bluetooth Devkit V1 (30 PIN) – a compact board. If you're thinking of adding numerous sensors, you might consider the 38-pin version. Ensure it comes with pre-soldered headers. These boards are available in both USB Type-C and Micro USB variants, so opt for the one that aligns with the cables you already have.

LoRa Module Ra-02 DIP

When it comes to the Lora chip, many are sold as SMC (Surface Mount Component), making them quite small and potentially prone to damaging the board. That's why we opted for the Ra-02 DIP. The DIP version is mounted on an adaptor board, providing access to all the pins and making it a plug-and-play experience, just like building with Lego blocks. Keep in mind that you'll need to solder the header to the board. To keep costs low, check with your local electronic shop – they might offer soldering services, saving you the hassle and expense of buying soldering equipment.

If you want to use a different frequency then most probably you will not find a DIP (version with PIN ) version. You will then need an adaptor board like the one in the picture below. We tried to look for a trustworthy source but we could not find one. Try to look in your local area you might find some sellers.

GIZONT 433 Mhz 10 dbi Gain

The Ra-02 most of the time comes with an antenna but it is a very very bad quality antena. At most you would get 10-50 meters. We tested the GIZONT we linked. It could be that we are lucky we got a very well calibrated antenna but according to Meshtastic users feedback they are a pretty good store. Of course we have to be careful choosing the frequency. Furthermore, we tested with one 40cm and one 24cm antena. 40cm for base station something at home or the balcony should do just fine, with the 24cm or 20cm for handheld.

0.96 inch I2C OLED

Finally, let's talk about the screen. While the node can function without a screen, having one is beneficial. The screen is particularly useful for pairing the node with your phone, although you can also pair it through a serial connection by finding the 6-digit number on the terminal. We strongly recommend getting a screen; they're reasonably priced and will significantly simplify your experience, making the whole process much smoother.

Assembly

The hardware is all ready and set now to the wiring. For this, we will follow the following Schematics

433 MHZ LoRa Module Ra-02 DIP

⚠️ After Completing The Wiring, It's Crucial Not To Overlook The Final Step – Connect Your Antenna

💡 Capacitors are good practice but you can skip it

💡 To Establish The Ground Connection, Connect The Four Ground Pins On The Lora Board. Strip The Wires From The Other Side, Then Use Another Female Cable To Connect a Wire To The Ground On The Esp32 And Strip The Other Side. Finally, Tie The Four Wires From The Lora Board To The Wire From The Esp32 Ground, Ensuring A Secure And Reliable Ground Connection. Make Sure To Use Electrical Tape To Avoid Circuit Short

💡 It's Important To Note That The Order Of The Connections Might Vary. Follow The Labels And Io Ports On Your Specific Components And The Provided Schematics To Ensure Accurate Wiring. Paying Attention To These Details Ensures That You Establish The Correct Connections And Avoid Potential Issues or Damaging Your Components

0.96 inch I2C OLED

⚠️ For A Neater Setup And To Avoid Stripping Wires, Some Screens Support 5v. In This Case, You Can Connect The Vcc Or Vdd (Power) Pin Of The Screen To The Vin (Voltage In) On The Esp32. This Simplifies The Wiring And Contributes To A Cleaner Overall Appearance Of Your Meshtastic Lora Node. Always Check The Specifications Of Your Specific Components To Ensure Compatibility And Proper Voltage Levels.

💡 Capacitors are good practice but you can skip it

💡 In Certain Cases, The Sck (Serial Clock) Pin Might Be Labeled As Scl (Serial Clock Line). Pay Attention To The Documentation Or Labels On Your Devices To Correctly Identify And Connect The Sck Or Scl Pin During The Wiring Process For Your Meshtastic Lora Node.

Once all the wiring is completed following the provided schematics, your setup should look like the picture below. Double-check your connections and ensure they match the suggested layout before proceeding to the next steps in the construction process.

Flashing The Software

The Web-Based Installer requires either Chrome or Edge browsers but is an excellent choice for quickly flashing devices.

• Plug in your device
• Visit flasher.meshtastic.org *requires Chrome or Edge browser
• For device we will go with DIY V1
• Choose the latest stable version
• Click on Flash

💡In some ESP32 versions you need to hold the boot bottom before plugging it, Keep holding it until you start seeing progress on the web flasher

The CLI Script is considered the "manual process" for flashing firmware. If the web-based flasher doesn't work, an alternative option is to use the CLI (Command Line Interface) script. While we won't cover it in detail in this guide, you can refer to the Meshtastic Guide for comprehensive instructions.

Pairing Devices

With the hardware assembled and the firmware flashed you're now ready to power up the Meshtastic LoRa Node and pair it with your phone. This step marks the exciting moment when your custom-built device begins its communication journey.

• Download the Meshtastic app on your phone. The app is available for download on both the App Store (iOS) and Google Play (Android).
• Head over to the Bluetooth page and wait a little bit, you should see a device popping up there.
• Choose the Meshtastic device you want to pair with from the list. The device's Node ID and other relevant information should be visible in the app.
• Meshtastic node will show the pairing code, enter that on your phone and wait for a second or two. You will be prompted to select your region. Go ahead and select EU433. The node will restart and you will be ready to go.

Conclusion

Building your own Meshtastic LoRa node can be a rewarding and cost-effective alternative to purchasing pre-made devices, especially if you have spare boards from previous projects or enjoy the satisfaction of DIY projects. The hardware requirements outlined, including the ESP-32S WiFi + Bluetooth Devkit V1, 433 MHZ LoRa Module Ra-02 DIP, and optional 0.96-inch I2C OLED screen, offer a versatile foundation for creating a mesh communication node.

The assembly process involves simple wiring, with a clear schematic provided for both the LoRa Ra-02 module and the optional screen. Soldering may be required, but local electronic shops can often assist with this step. It's emphasized that the screen, while optional, significantly enhances the user experience by simplifying the pairing process with the Meshtastic app on your phone.

Flashing the software is conveniently achieved through the web-based installer, compatible with Chrome or Edge browsers, or the CLI script for a manual process if needed. Careful attention during the flashing process is crucial to ensure successful firmware installation.

Finally, the pairing of devices with the Meshtastic app on your phone is straightforward. The app, available on both iOS and Android platforms, facilitates the identification and selection of the Meshtastic device, with a prompt to enter the pairing code displayed on the node. Following region selection and a brief restart, your DIY Meshtastic LoRa node is ready for use, providing a customizable and self-built solution for mesh communication.