Motion activated talking critter based on Rpi Pico

Halloween critter that plays sounds when movement of people is detected. Only a few external components (easy to source and solder) needed. The single side board could be manufactured at home. Very customizable project than involves multiple knowledge areas (STEAM): Electronics, programming, woodworking, arts, etc.

Key component: AM312 Mini IR Pyroelectric Infrared Sensor

Concept:

The project is a slight modification of talking clock, but in this case, power is activated by a PIR sensor. When a person moves near the critter, a random sound is played. Raspberry Pi Pico was chosen for the 3 following reasons:

• There’s no need to install software for initial firmware download
• Onboard memory 2 MegaBytes of flash can store some amount of sounds without requiring external memory
• Can be powered by 2xAA batteries without additional components

Rpi Pico draws about 1.6 mA in it’s lowest power mode (deep sleep). Seems not much, but is too high for a battery powered circuit, because they will exhaust in around two months. For that reason an external power circuit that can shut off the board completely was added. After that, power consumption lowered to 70 uA, so batteries will last for a year.

The Rpi Pico acts as sound storage and player.

Key features:

• Two versions of the (almost) same application: One developed in CircuitPython and the other in the C/C++ SDK.
• Compatible with the most common operating systems.
• No need to install apps for initial firmware download
• There’s no need to recompile code (in the app developed in CircuitPython) to change sounds
• Up to 3 years in standby mode using a pair of AA batteries.
• Easy to source, and solder components.

Software:

Right after power on, Rpi Pico puts a low level on the GPIO that is wired to the power circuit to keep it powered, then decides which file should be played, and after the sound finishes, a high level is put on the GPIO powering off the Pico. Additionally a light sensor is read to not play sound when is dark (night).

Sound files are played randomly, one by one on each power on.

PECULIARITIES OF THE SDK C/C++ VERSION:

Sounds to be played must be converted first to WAV format 16 bit mono @ 44100 Hz, then converted to C arrays[] before compiling. The application uses a PWM via digital output and interrupts to play sounds.

The program execution starts almost immediately after power on. The main disadvantage of the application for now, it only supports.WAV files which are big, and cannot be changed without recompiling code

PECULIARITIES OF THE CIRCUITPYTHON VERSION:

Sounds to be played must be converted to MP3 mono format, The app uses audiomp3 and audiopwmio modules to output audio out of a digital pin (PWM). These files are stored in the filesystem provided by CP, so modifying them is straightforward, just drag and drop.

MP3 files can store about 10 more sound time than WAV for the same file size, however CircuitPython runtime execution takes more than a second after power on, so probably it won’t be a good thing for any kind of final application

Hardware:

External components are part of one of the three different functionalities:

On/Off : The circuit is made up by a MOSFET, Drain terminal connected to 3V3_EN and the Source terminal connected to GND. Connected to the gate are 2 elements: A capacitor to ground, and a resistor to V+. The circuit works in the following way:

• Step 1: Capacitor is fully charged, turning on the MOSFET and tying 3V3_EN to ground totally powering off Rpi Pico board
• Step 2: Capacitor is quickly discharged by the PIR signal, turning off the MOSFET, and powering on the Rpi Pico. The first thing to do after power up, is keeping the capacitor discharged with the aid of a GPIO output in low level.
• Step 3: While sound is played, low level on the GPIO is kept. Once sound finishes, GPIO output turned high level, so MOSFET turns on again, powering off the Rpi Pico until the next switch closure

Audio amplifier: Single-stage, single NPN transistor powers a small 8 Ohm speaker. There is also an input RC low pass filter to smooth noise due to the PWM output.

Day/night detection: Visible light sensor to avoid playing sounds at night. Connected to an ADC pin

Board assembly:

Rpi Pico, speaker, light sensor, and PIR sensor could be soldered directly to the PCB to get a very small height profile, or add pin headers and female sockets for a more flexible option.

The single sided board can be etched at home. There are some free gpio pads for experimentation and also mounting holes near the corners

To build the critter, choose a piece of plastic or wood, with enough diameter to hide the sound board. Fix all electronic components and then decorative accessories like LED lights. Finish it with the paint work.

An NPN transistor was added to the PIR sensor to invert its’ signal to keep it compatible with the original circuit.

• Female header 2.54mm shop now
• Male pin header 2.54mm shop now
• 1/4W 1% TH Resistors shop now
• Push button 6x6mm shop now
• Raspberry Pi Pico shop now
• 2xAA battery holder for PCB shop now
• 8 Ohm speaker 29 mm 0.25W shop now
• MOSFET 2N7000 shop now
• NPN BIPOLAR TRANSISTOR 2N2222A shop now
• TH Radial Electrolytic Capacitor shop now
• TH Ceramic Disc Capacitor shop now
• TEPT5700 visible light photodiode shop now
• | AM312 Mini IR Pyroelectric Infrared Sensor shop now

Optional components:

3 pc step drill bit 3-20 mm + centerpunch shop now