Automated Pest Control System in Agriculture Fields

#include <LoRaWan-RAK4631.h> // LoRaWAN library for RAK4631
#include <SPI.h>
#include <Wire.h>

// For RAK12033 Motion Sensor (assuming PIR sensor)
#define MOTION_SENSOR_PIN WB_IO4 // GPIO pin connected to RAK12033
#define RELAY_PEST_CONTROL_PIN WB_IO3 // Relay pin controlling the pest control device (e.g., repellent, trap)

// LoRaWAN Join Settings
// You must obtain these values from your TheThingsNetwork (TTN) console.
String node_device_eui = "AC1F09FFFE0xxxx"; // <<< CHANGE THIS
String node_app_eui = "70B3D57ED000xxxx";   // <<< CHANGE THIS
String node_app_key = "XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX"; // <<< CHANGE THIS

// LoRaWAN Application Port
#define LORAWAN_APP_PORT 1

// Data Transmission Interval and Sensor Cooldown Durations
#define SEND_INTERVAL_SEC 30 // Send status or last motion info every 30 seconds
#define MOTION_COOLDOWN_MS 5000 // Cooldown period for the sensor after motion detection (5 seconds)

// Timer Variables
long lastSendTime = 0;      // Last data transmission time (millis())
long lastMotionTime = 0;    // Last motion detection time (millis())
bool pestControlActive = false; // Tracks whether the pest control device is active

void setup() {
  // Set internal LED as OUTPUT and turn it off initially
  pinMode(LED_BUILTIN, OUTPUT);
  digitalWrite(LED_BUILTIN, LOW); 
  
  // Start serial communication (for debug messages)
  Serial.begin(115200);
  while (!Serial); // Wait for serial port to be ready
  Serial.println("Automated Pest Control System Starting...");

  // Set motion sensor pin as INPUT
  pinMode(MOTION_SENSOR_PIN, INPUT);
  // Set relay pin as OUTPUT and keep it off initially
  pinMode(RELAY_PEST_CONTROL_PIN, OUTPUT);
  digitalWrite(RELAY_PEST_CONTROL_PIN, LOW); 

  // Initialize and configure LoRaWAN module
  api.lorawan.setMcuStatus(true);         // Set MCU status
  api.lorawan.setDeviceClass(CLASS_A);    // Set device class
  api.lorawan.setRegion(EU868);           // Set LoRaWAN region
  api.lorawan.setDevEui(node_device_eui); // Set Device EUI
  api.lorawan.setAppEui(node_app_eui);   // Set Application EUI
  api.lorawan.setAppKey(node_app_key);   // Set Application Key
  api.lorawan.setConfirm(true);          // Use confirmed messages?
  api.lorawan.setAdaptiveDr(true);       // Use Adaptive Data Rate (ADR)?
  
  Serial.println("Attempting to join LoRaWAN network...");
  api.lorawan.join(); // Start LoRaWAN network join process

  // Initialize timer
  lastSendTime = millis();
}

void loop() {
  // Read current state of motion sensor
  int motionState = digitalRead(MOTION_SENSOR_PIN);

  // If motion is detected AND cooldown period has passed
  if (motionState == HIGH && (millis() - lastMotionTime > MOTION_COOLDOWN_MS)) {
    Serial.println("Motion Detected! Notifying Node-RED for Pest Control System.");
    sendMotionDetectedPayload(); // Send motion detected via LoRaWAN
    lastMotionTime = millis(); // Reset timer to start cooldown period
  }

  // Check LoRaWAN network connection status
  if (api.lorawan.queryNetworkStatus() == LORAWAN_JOINED) {
    // Check if it's time for periodic data transmission
    if (millis() - lastSendTime > (SEND_INTERVAL_SEC * 1000)) {
      // Optional: We can also periodically send general device status or last motion info.
      // For example, a 'heartbeat' message even if no continuous motion.
      // sendDeviceStatus(); 
      lastSendTime = millis(); // Reset timer
    }
  } else {
    // If not connected to LoRaWAN network, try to join again...
    Serial.println("Not connected to LoRaWAN network, trying to join again...");
    api.lorawan.join(); 
    delay(10000); // Wait 10 seconds before retrying
  }
}

// Function to send a LoRaWAN payload indicating motion detection
void sendMotionDetectedPayload() {
  uint8_t payload[1]; // 1-byte payload
  payload[0] = 1;     // Send 1 to indicate motion detected (true)

  Serial.println("Sending LoRaWAN 'Motion Detected' data...");
  // Send payload to LoRaWAN network. Use LORAWAN_APP_PORT and send as confirmed message (true).
  api.lorawan.send(sizeof(payload), payload, LORAWAN_APP_PORT, true);
}

// Callback function to be called when a LoRaWAN downlink message is received
// Processes commands from Node-RED or via TTN (e.g., turn pest control on/off)
void OnRxData(lorawan_AppData_t* appData) {
  Serial.printf("LoRaWAN Downlink message received, Port: %d, Length: %d\n", appData->Port, appData->BuffSize);
  
  // Print received payload to serial monitor
  Serial.print("Payload (hex): ");
  for (int i = 0; i < appData->BuffSize; i++) {
    Serial.printf("%02X ", appData->Buffer[i]);
  }
  Serial.println();

  // Convert payload to String and interpret as command
  String command = "";
  for (int i = 0; i < appData->BuffSize; i++) {
    command += (char)appData->Buffer[i];
  }
  Serial.print("Received Command: ");
  Serial.println(command);

  // Control relay based on incoming commands (pest control device)
  if (command == "PEST_ON") {
    digitalWrite(RELAY_PEST_CONTROL_PIN, HIGH); // Turn on relay
    pestControlActive = true;
    Serial.println("PEST CONTROL SYSTEM TURNED ON!");
  } else if (command == "PEST_OFF") {
    digitalWrite(RELAY_PEST_CONTROL_PIN, LOW);  // Turn off relay
    pestControlActive = false;
    Serial.println("PEST CONTROL SYSTEM TURNED OFF!");
  } else {
    Serial.println("Unknown command.");
  }
}

// Mandatory callback function definitions for LoRaWAN library
void lorawan_rx_handler(lorawan_AppData_t* appData) {
  OnRxData(appData); // Call OnRxData function when data is received
}

void lorawan_has_joined_handler(void) {
  Serial.println("Successfully joined LoRaWAN network!");
  digitalWrite(LED_BUILTIN, HIGH); // Turn on internal LED after joining network
}

void lorawan_join_failed_handler(void) {
  Serial.println("LoRaWAN network join failed. Retrying...");
  digitalWrite(LED_BUILTIN, LOW); // Turn off internal LED if join fails
}

void lorawan_tx_handler(void) {
  Serial.println("LoRaWAN Tx Done!"); // Inform when data transmission is complete
}